Anatomy
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| anatomy of scorpions |
Notes
1. Prosoma
2. Mesosoma
3. Metasoma
4. Pedipalp
5. Chelcerae
6. Legs
7. Telson
1. Prosoma
2. Mesosoma
3. Metasoma
4. Pedipalp
5. Chelcerae
6. Legs
7. Telson
Scorpions include arthropod animals within class of arachnid and order scorpiones. The anatomy of scorpions is divided into two main of parts: prosoma, and abdomen. Abdomen divided into two parts: mesosoma, and metasoma.
· Prosoma
Prosoma or chepalotorax is the part of head. It consists to eyes, chelcerae (mouth), pedipalp (claws or pincers), and pairs of leg. Scorpions have pairs of eyes, usually 2-5 pairs of eyes. Many pairs of eyes is influenced by their habitat (wet and dry of their habitat) and softness or hardness of the soil their spend life. The pedipalp is asegmented, chelae (clawed) apendage used for prey immobilization, defence, and sensory purposes. The segments of the pedipalp (from closest to the body outwards) are coxa, trochanter, femur (humerus), patella, tibia (including the fixed claw and the manus) and tarsus (moveable claw).
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| Telson |
· abdomen
Mesosoma or abdomen, also called opisthosoma, consist to 7 segments. On each segments, there are cracks of openings. These cracks use to respiratory crevices. The cracks are called book lungs. The first abdominal segment bears a pair of genital opercula which cover the gonopore. Second abdominal segment consist of basal the basal plate which the pectin.
Metasoma (the scorpion’s tail) also consist to segments. It’s 5 segments. The last segment is called telson. It’s round and pointy part like a needle. Telson produced poison. The telson consist of vesicle, which holds as pair of venom glands, the venom injecting. It useful to immobilizes their prey.
Habitat, reproduction, and uniqueness
Scorpions are arthropod animal. There are more than 2,000 different species of scorpions in the world. They are nocturnal animal. A group of segmented animals with eight legs (octopod) are included in the order Scorpiones in the class of arachnids. Scorpions are still allied with the scorpion, spiders, mites, and ticks. There are about 2000 kinds of scorpions. They are found south of 49° N, except New Zealand and Antarctica.
The tail of the scorpion has a stinger with poison glands in it. Scorpions poison included neurotoxin (nerve poison). An exception, Hemisscorpius lepturus have cytotoxic (cell toxic). Neurotoxins consist of small proteins as well as sodium and potassium. These toxins interfere with the nervous system of prey. 40 to 50 species of scorpions have toxins that are able to kill a human.
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| cannibals |
Scorpions are carnivore. They eat spiders, centipedes and insects. The larger kinds eat lizard, mice and snake. They are also cannibals. After mating, the female will become be aggressive and eating the female. When scorpions hunt their prey, they use their pedipalp to cacth prey then they will bent their tail and attack it. Inject a little toxin. Their prey will be weakness and die because of their toxin or poison.
.Although some species have eyes that reached 10, they still have bad eyesight.
Scorpions are nocturnal animals that move independently and capable of emitting light cyan-green under ultraviolet light. Their tails seems to have a function like second eye for them. Each their shells work as sensors which able to conduct information related light to the nervous system. It mean every part body of scorpions can see. They can feel presence of light using their tails. This ability helps them move under rocks and darkness. It may be the reason why they have bad eyesight. But in normal light, they appear black. Beacause of they have fluoresscene who which give black color. Maybe this fluorescene may have an active role in scorpions light detection.
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| scorpion under UV light |
The habitats Scorpions inhabit wide habitats. Their can are found on major land except Antartika and New Zealand. They can find at forests, mountain, intertidal zones, caves and vast grasslands. Even, they can life in the drying place like desert. They will hide under sand and waiting a preys. In addition, they also like humid place such as under trees or clumps of bamboo, under rock, and sandy soil. Naturally, scorpions tend to hide or escape.
Like other predators, scorpions tend to forage in areas of clear and separate territories,and return to the same place on every night. Scorpions can enter into the housing complexand the building when its territorial area destroyed by development, logging or buttress root circumference and so on.
Scorpions have a complex mating ritual, the male use his pedipalp gripping female’s pedipalp. Males leads female to courtship dance. Sperm from male is inserted into a structure called spermatophore, laid by the male to the surface that will be taken by female. The male will ran pectin above ground that will help female to find location spermatophore. Furthermore, female scorpion will attract the sperm into genital opening, which situated near the ventral abdomen. After mating is complete, males and females are separate. Male will generally retreat quickly; most likely to avoid cannibalism by the female, although sexual cannibalism is rare in scorpion.
Scorpions have several periods of pregnant, months over a year, it depending on their type. Embryo grows in ovariuterus or in specialized diverticulitis that branch off from ovariuterus. Children who are born alive will take to his mother’s back. Their mother will help them to make delivery bag with folded legs to catch them when they were born and provide up his mother back. Some kinds of scorpions are not born form a pocket.
On average, a female can born 25-35 pups. They remained on his back, until they are malting for the first time. Once they fall, they are able to freely. The average scorpions probably live 3-5 years, but some species can live to 25 years.
Conclusion: Scorpions are unique animals. They are nocturnal animal. They are also cannibalism. After mating, the female will become be aggressive and eating the female. When scorpions feel threatened and hunt their prey, they will bent their tail and attack it. The tail of the scorpion has a stinger with poison glands in it. Although some species have eyes that reached 10, they still have bad eyesight. Scorpion’s skin can change their colour skin into green under ultraviolet light.
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